"8....Marriage...is far
from being the effect of chance or the result of the blind evolution of natural
forces. It is in reality the wise and provident
institution of God the Creator, whose purpose was to effect in man His loving
design. As a consequence, husband and wife, through that mutual gift of
themselves, which is specific and exclusive to them alone, develop that union
of two persons in which they perfect one another, cooperating with God in the
generation and rearing of new lives. The
marriage of those who have been baptized is, in addition, invested with the
dignity of a sacramental sign of grace, for it represents the union of Christ
and His Church....
"9....The example of
countless married couples proves not only that fidelity is in accord with the
nature of marriage, but also that it is the source of profound and enduring
happiness....
"14....We
are obliged once more to declare that the direct interruption of the generative
process already begun and, above all, all direct abortion, even for therapeutic
reasons, are to be absolutely excluded as lawful means of regulating the number
of children. (14) Equally to be condemned, as the magisterium of the Church has
affirmed on many occasions, is direct sterilization, whether of the man or of
the woman, whether permanent or temporary. (15) Similarly excluded is any
action which either before, at the moment of, or after sexual intercourse, is
specifically intended to prevent procreation—whether as an end or as a means.
(16) Neither is it valid to argue, as a justification for sexual
intercourse which is deliberately contraceptive, that a lesser evil is to be
preferred to a greater one, or that such intercourse would merge with
procreative acts of past and future to form a single entity, and so be
qualified by exactly the same moral goodness as these....it is never lawful, even
for the gravest reasons, to do evil that good may come of it (18)....it is a
serious error to think that a whole married life of otherwise normal relations
can justify sexual intercourse which is deliberately contraceptive and so
intrinsically wrong....
"16....If...there
are well-grounded reasons for spacing births, arising from the physical or
psychological condition of husband or wife, or from external circumstances, the
Church teaches that married people may then take advantage of the natural
cycles immanent in the reproductive system and engage in marital intercourse
only during those times that are infertile, thus controlling birth in a way
which does not in the least offend the moral principles which We have just
explained. (20)....
"17....Not much experience is needed to be fully aware of
human weakness and to understand that human beings—and especially the
young, who are so exposed to temptation—need incentives
to keep the moral law, and it is an evil thing to make it easy for them to break
that law. Another effect that gives cause for alarm is that a man who grows accustomed to the use of
contraceptive methods may forget the reverence due to a woman, and,
disregarding her physical and emotional equilibrium, reduce her to being a mere
instrument for the satisfaction of his own desires, no longer considering her
as his partner whom he should surround with care and affection. Finally,
careful consideration should be given to the
danger of this power passing into the hands of those public authorities who
care little for the precepts of the moral law. Who will blame a
government which in its attempt to resolve the problems affecting an entire
country resorts to the same measures as are regarded as lawful by married
people in the solution of a particular family difficulty? Who will prevent
public authorities from favoring those contraceptive methods which they
consider more effective? Should they regard this as necessary, they may even
impose their use on everyone. It could well happen, therefore, that when
people, either individually or in family or social life, experience the
inherent difficulties of the divine law and are determined to avoid them, they
may give into the hands of public authorities the power to intervene in the
most personal and intimate responsibility of husband and wife....there are
certain limits, beyond which it is wrong to go, to the power of man over his
own body and its natural functions—limits, let it be said, which no one,
whether as a private individual or as a public authority, can lawfully exceed.
These limits are expressly imposed because of the reverence due to the whole
human organism and its natural functions, in the light of the principles...
"18. It is to be anticipated that perhaps not everyone
will easily accept this particular teaching. There is too much clamorous
outcry against the voice of the Church, and this is intensified by modern means
of communication. But it comes as no surprise to the Church that she, no less
than her divine Founder, is destined to be a 'sign of contradiction.'
(22) She does not, because of this, evade the duty imposed on her of proclaiming
humbly but firmly the entire moral law, both natural and evangelical.
Since the Church did not make either of these laws, she cannot be their
arbiter—only their guardian and interpreter. It could never be right for her to
declare lawful what is in fact unlawful, since that, by its very nature, is
always opposed to the true good of man. In preserving intact the whole
moral law of marriage, the Church is convinced that she is contributing to the
creation of a truly human civilization. She urges man not to betray his
personal responsibilities by putting all his faith in technical expedients. In
this way she defends the dignity of husband and wife. This course of action
shows that the Church, loyal to the example and teaching of the divine Savior,
is sincere and unselfish in her regard for men whom she strives to help even
now during this earthly pilgrimage "to share God's life as sons of the
living God, the Father of all men." (23)....
"20. The teaching of the
Church regarding the proper regulation of birth is a promulgation of the law of
God Himself. And yet there is no doubt that to many it will appear not merely
difficult but even impossible to observe. Now it is true that like all good
things which are outstanding for their nobility and for the benefits which they
confer on men, so this law demands from individual men and women, from families
and from human society, a resolute purpose and great endurance. Indeed it
cannot be observed unless God comes to their help with the grace by which the
goodwill of men is sustained and strengthened. But to those who consider this
matter diligently it will indeed be evident that this endurance enhances man's
dignity and confers benefits on human society.
"21....there can be no doubt at
all of the need for self-denial. Only then will the expression of love,
essential to married life, conform to right order. This is especially clear in
the practice of periodic continence. Self-discipline of this kind is a shining
witness to the chastity of husband and wife and, far from being a hindrance to
their love of one another, transforms it by giving it a more truly human
character. And if this self-discipline does demand that they persevere in their
purpose and efforts, it has at the same time the salutary effect of enabling
husband and wife to develop to their personalities and to be enriched with
spiritual blessings. For it brings to family life abundant fruits of
tranquility and peace. It helps in solving difficulties of other kinds. It
fosters in husband and wife thoughtfulness and loving consideration for one
another. It helps them to repel inordinate self-love, which is the opposite of
charity. It arouses in them a consciousness of their responsibilities. And
finally, it confers upon parents a deeper and more effective influence in the
education of their children. As their children grow up, they develop a right
sense of values and achieve a serene and harmonious use of their mental and
physical powers.
"22....Everything...in the modern means of social communication which arouses
men's baser passions and encourages low moral standards, as well as every
obscenity in the written word and every form of indecency on the stage and
screen, should be condemned publicly and unanimously by all those who
have at heart the advance of civilization and the safeguarding of the
outstanding values of the human spirit. It is quite absurd to defend this kind
of depravity in the name of art or culture (25) or by pleading the liberty
which may be allowed in this field by the public authorities....
"23. And now We wish to speak
to rulers of nations. To you most of all is committed the responsibility of
safeguarding the common good. You can contribute so much to the preservation of
morals. We beg of you, never allow the morals of your peoples to be undermined.
The family is the primary unit in the state; do not tolerate any legislation
which would introduce into the family those practices which are opposed to the
natural law of God. For there are other ways by which a government can and
should solve the population problem—that is to say by enacting laws which will
assist families and by educating the people wisely so that the moral law and
the freedom of the citizens are both safeguarded....
"25....let Christian
husbands and wives be mindful of their vocation to the Christian life....the
Lord has entrusted to them the task of making visible to men and women the
holiness and joy of the law which united inseparably their love for one another
and the cooperation they give to God's love, God who is the Author of human
life....If...sin still exercises its hold over them, they are not to lose
heart. Rather must they, humble and persevering, have recourse to the mercy of God, abundantly bestowed in the Sacrament of
Penance. In this way, for sure, they will be able to reach that
perfection of married life which the Apostle sets out in these words: "Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the
Church. . . Even so husbands should love their wives as their own bodies. He
who loves his wife loves himself. For no man ever hates his own flesh, but
nourishes and cherishes it, as Christ does the Church. . . This is a great
mystery, and I mean in reference to Christ and the Church; however, let each
one of you love his wife as himself, and let the wife see that she respects her
husband." (37)....
"28. And now, beloved sons, you who are priests,
you who in virtue of your sacred office act as counselors and spiritual leaders
both of individual men and women and of families—We turn to you filled with
great confidence. For it is your principal duty—We are speaking especially to
you who teach moral theology—to spell out clearly and completely the Church's
teaching on marriage. In the performance of your ministry you must be the first
to give an example of that sincere obedience, inward as well as outward, which
is due to the magisterium of the Church....if men's peace of soul and the unity
of the Christian people are to be preserved, then it
is of the utmost importance that in moral as well as in dogmatic theology all
should obey the magisterium of the Church and should speak as with one voice....
"29.... So speak with full
confidence, beloved sons, convinced that while the Holy Spirit of God is
present to the magisterium proclaiming sound doctrine, He also illumines from
within the hearts of the faithful and invites their assent. Teach married
couples the necessary way of prayer and prepare them to approach more often
with great faith the Sacraments of the Eucharist and of Penance. Let them never
lose heart because of their weakness.
"To Bishops
30....We
invite all of you, We implore you, to give a lead to your priests who assist
you in the sacred ministry, and to the faithful of your dioceses, and to devote
yourselves with all zeal and without delay to safeguarding the holiness of
marriage, in order to guide married life to its full human and Christian
perfection. Consider this mission as one of your most urgent responsibilities
at the present time. As you well know, it calls for concerted pastoral action
in every field of human diligence, economic, cultural and social. If
simultaneous progress is made in these various fields, then the intimate life
of parents and children in the family will be rendered not only more tolerable,
but easier and more joyful. And life together in human society will be enriched
with fraternal charity and made more stable with true peace when God's design
which He conceived for the world is faithfully followed" (Pope Paul VI, Humanae Vitae, 7/25/1968).
