"84. Diagnosis is followed by
treatment and rehabilitation, in other words, the performance of those interventions that permit, as much as possible, the recovery and the personal and social reintegration of the patient...."
"85....every human being has a primary right to what is necessary for the maintenance of his own health and to
adequate health care....those who care for the sick have the duty to carry out their work with the utmost diligence and to provide any treatments considered necessary or useful.
176 This includes not only those aimed at possible recovery, but also palliative treatments...."
"86. If recovery is impossible, the health care worker must never give up taking care of the person. [
The footnote references 1 and 2.] He is obliged to provide all
ordinary and proportionate care....
The use of ordinary means of sustaining the patient's life is morally obligatory....
extraordinary means may be declined with the patient's consent or upon his request, even if it hastens death...."
"87. The principle of proportionality of treatment just mentioned can be explained and applied as follows:
- 'If there are no
other sufficient remedies, it is permitted, with the patient's consent, to have
recourse to the means provided by the most advanced medical techniques, even if
these means are still at the experimental stage and are not without a certain
risk.'
- 'It is also permitted, with the patient's consent, to interrupt these
means, where the results fall short of expectations' because there is no longer due proportion between 'the investment
in instruments and personnel' and 'the results foreseen' or because 'the techniques applied impose on the patient strain or
suffering out of proportion with the benefits which he or she may gain from such
techniques.'
- 'It is also permissible to make do with the normal means that
medicine can offer. Therefore one cannot impose on anyone the obligation to have
recourse to a technique which is already in use but which carries a risk or is
burdensome. Such a refusal is not the equivalent of suicide.' Instead it may simply indicate "an acceptance of the human condition, or a wish to avoid
the application of a medical procedure disproportionate to the results that can
be expected, or a desire not to impose excessive expense on the family or the
community.'181
"88. In the absence of other remedies, interventions involving the modification, mutilation, or removal of organs may be necessary to restore the person's health. The therapeutic manipulation of the human organism is legitimate in this case by virtue of the
principle of totality [
182] (which for this reason is also called the
therapeutic principle)...."
"89....
Bodily life is a fundamental good, the condition for all the others, but there are higher values...."