"99....'Research or experimentation on the human being cannot legitimate acts that are in themselves contrary to the dignity of persons and to the moral law. The subjects' potential consent does not justify such acts. Experimentation on human beings is not morally legitimate if it exposes the subject's life or physical and psychological integrity to disproportionate or avoidable risks. Experimentation on human beings does not conform to the dignity of the person if it takes place without the informed consent of the subject or those who legitimately speak for him.'204...."
"100. The ethical norms of research require that it be directed toward promoting human well-being....In the experimentation phase, or the testing of a research study's hypotheses on human beings, the good of the person - protected by ethical norms - demands respect connected essentially with consent and risk."
"101....There is a threshold beyond which the risk becomes humanly unacceptable. This threshold is defined by the inviolable good of the person....
The properly documented provision of adequate information and verification of understanding, for the purposes of obtaining free and informed consent from the persons involved, are always a necessary and indispensable element....
Minors or adults who are legally not capable of understanding and making decisions can also be involved in clinical experimentation, provided that, subject to the criteria of scientific validity, their involvement is justified by a proportionality between the reasonably foreseeable risks and benefits for the minor or incapacitated subjects. Experimentation that is not expected to provide direct benefits..., but only for other persons in similar conditions...can be ethically justified when it is not possible to obtain the same result on adult, competent subjects and the risks and burdens are minimal. In both cases, informed consent must be requested of the parents or the legal representative in accordance with the laws of each particular country."
"102. Experimentation cannot be initiated and continued unless all precautions have been taken to avoid foreseeable risks and to reduce the consequences of adverse outcomes....a basic phase of preclinical research is necessary....if useful and necessary, experimentation with new drugs or techniques cannot exclude the use of animals before going on to human subjects....It follows that all experimentation 'should be carried out with consideration for the animal, without causing it useless suffering.'211....
in the clinical phase human experimentation must abide by the principle of proportionate risk....
Catholic health care workers [should be on ethics panels/committees]...."
"103....the consent of the subject is needed...."
"104. In experimentation on a sick person for therapeutic purposes, due proportion must be attained...."
"105. Clinical experimentation can be carried out also on a healthy person who voluntarily offers himself ....it is always necessary to interrupt the experimentation if intermediate evaluations indicate an excessive risk or a clear lack of benefit."
"106....research and experimentation on human embryos and fetuses must be subject to the moral norms that apply to a child who is already born and to any human subject...."
"107....special attention must be given to the involvement of persons who may be vulnerable...."
"108....The physician or the commercial sponsor of the experimental research cannot request the use of contraceptive, or worse still, abortive methods as a condition for participation in the experimentation."
- [As per the USCCB's Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, “31….the greater the person’s incompetency and
vulnerability, the greater the reasons must be to perform any medical
experimentation, especially nontherapeutic." While it does not employ uptodate language, it is worth checking out “Geraldo Rivera - The
P and A System.”]
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