Organ and tissue donation and transplantation

Organ and tissue donation and transplantation 
"109....The donation and transplantation of organs are significant expressions of service to life and...solidarity..., and they are 'a peculiar form of witness to charity'219...."

"110....When an organ is procured from a living donor, the consent must be given personally by a subject capable of expressing it.221  Special attention should be given to subjects in particularly vulnerable condition.
When an organ is procured from a cadaver, the consent must have been expressed somehow during the donor's lifetime or made by someone who can legally represent him...."

"111....'The right road to follow, until science is able to discover other new forms and more advanced therapies, must be the formation and the spreading of a culture of solidarity that is open to all and does not exclude anyone' [225: "A medical transplantation corresponds to an ethic of donation that demands on the part of all the commitment to invest every possible effort in formation and information, to make the conscience ever more sensitive to an issue that directly touches the life of many people. Therefore it will be necessary to reject prejudices and misunderstandings, widespread indifference and fear to substitute [i.e., so as to replace] them with certainty and guarantees in order to permit an ever more heightened and diffuse awareness of the great gift of life in everyone']
  
"112. Autograft transplants, in which the removal and the transplant are performed on the same person, are legitimated by the principle of totality...."

"113. Homograft transplants, in which the removal is performed on an individual of the same species as the recipient are legitimized by the principle of solidarity....'With the advent of organ transplantation, which began with blood transfusions, man has found a way to give of himself, of his blood and of his body, so that others may continue to live. Thanks to science, and to the professional training and commitment of doctors and health-care workers, [...] new and wonderful challenges are presented. We are challenged to love our neighbor in new ways; in evangelical terms, to love "to the end" (Cf. Jn. 13:1), yet within certain limits which cannot be exceeded, limits laid down by human nature itself.'226"

"114....[When a freely consented donation is from a cadaver] It is necessary...to be certain that one is dealing with a cadaver, so as to make sure that the removal of organs does not cause or even merely anticipate death.  The removal of organs from a cadaver is legitimate following a sure diagnosis of the donor's death...."